Abstract: Hemodynamic factors are thought to have close relevance to arterial pathological changes, such as atherosclerosis. The simulated objects of hemodynamics are mainly on the arteries with geometry of bifurcation, curvature and stenosis, because atheroselerosis is prone to develop at these particular arterial positions. Accurate numerical simulations of hemodynamics must rely on the anatomically realistic vascular geometrical model and thephysiologically realistic nonlinear transient fluid-solid interaction between blood flow and vessel deformation. Only based on the `virtual vascular flow', and with the wall shear stress, particle residence time and oxygen mass transfer across vessel wall being duly taken into consideration, can the numerical results of hemodynamics be useful in understanding the physiology and pathology of atherosclerosis, and be used in surgery planning for relevant vascular diseases.