-
摘要: 张阿舟先生是我国著名的航空工程专家、固体力学家、教育家. 在20世纪后半叶,尤其是在新中国工业化初期的艰苦条件下,他面向我国航空工业发展需求,攻坚克难、培养后学,取得了突出成就. 本文全面回顾张阿舟先生的学术生涯, 介绍他在飞机结构强度、结构动力学、工程动力学反问题三个领域的主要学术贡献, 归纳他的治学特点. 文中介绍了张阿舟先生的航空报国情怀,以丰富的事例说明:他在主持新中国第一架飞机静力试验研究中发挥了核心作用, 在开拓我国飞机结构静/动强度等研究领域中发挥了引领作用, 在培养航空、力学领域的优秀人才中发挥了重要指导作用.Abstract: Professor Zhang Azhou (Chang O’Chou) was a famous scientist and educator in aeronautical engineering and solid mechanics in China. In the second half of the 20th century, in particular, when China had a difficult time to initiate industrialization, Prof. Zhang pursued a life-long course to solve challenging problems and cultivate young talents and made outstanding achievements to meet the major needs of the nation in aeronautical engineering. This article comprehensively surveys the academic career of Prof. Zhang, focusing on his major contributions to the fields of the structural strength of aircraft, structural dynamics, and inverse problems of engineering dynamics, with a summary of his academic features in researches. The article presents his spirit of serving the nation in the aeronautical industry, demonstrates, via numerous examples, his core role in the tests of the structural strength of the first aircraft made in the People’s Republic of China, his leading role in the researches on static/dynamic strength of aircraft structures in China, as well as his important role in supervising young talents in both mechanics and aeronautics.
-
Key words:
- solid mechanics /
- structural dynamics /
- structure strength /
- aircraft design /
- aeronautical industry
-
图 7 1949年张阿舟先生在英国完成的飞机机身大开口静力试验(张阿舟 1958)
图 12 受控气动弹性系统动力学的逻辑关系(张阿舟 1980)
-
[1] 钱伟长, 郑哲敏. 2014. 20世纪中国知名科学家学术成就概览·力学卷. 第一分册. 北京: 科学出版社Qian W C, Zheng Z M. 2014. Overview of the Academic Achievements of Famous Chinese Scientists in the Twentieth Century, Volume of Mechanics, Book 1. Beijing: Science Press [2] 王谓季, 张阿舟. 1987. 振动特性敏感区上的结构故障诊断与监测. 航空学报, 8: 138-144 (Wang W J, Zhang A Z. 1987. Structural failure diagnosis and monitoring by sensitive vibration characteristics. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 8: 138-144). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.1987.03.003 [3] 王卫平, 顾仲权, 李鸣等. 1988. 颤振主动抑制系统的试验研究. 南京航空学院学报, 20: 19-26 (Wang W P, Gu Z Q, Li M et al. 1988. An experimental research for an active flutter suppression system. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 20: 19-26). [4] 向锦武, 张呈林, 周传荣, 张阿舟. 1995. 有频率、振型节线位置要求的结构动力学优化设计. 计算结构力学及其应用, 12: 401-408 (Xiang J W, Zhang C L, Zhou C R, Zhang A Z. 1995. Structural dynamics optimum design with given frequencies and position of mode shape node lines. Computational Structural Mechanics and Applications, 12: 401-408). [5] 张阿舟. 1958. 飞机机身大开口静力试验. 南京航空学院学报, 3: 40-48 (Chang O C. 1958. Static experiments on the large opening of fuselage structures. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 3: 40-48). [6] 张阿舟. 1980. 飞行器结构振动研究的有关问题. 南京航空学院学报, 12: 1-6 (Zhang A Z. 1980. On the research of aircraft vibration. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 12: 1-6). [7] 张阿舟. 1982. 结构动力学若干问题的回顾. 南京航空学院学报, 14: 79-84 (Zhang A Z. 1982. Retrospect of some problems on the structural dynamics. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 14: 79-84). [8] 张阿舟. 1984. 结构动力学的研究——南航振动研究室成立以来的科研工作. 南京航空学院学报, 16: 15-26 (Zhang A Z. 1984. Researches on structural dynamics — Research works of the vibration research laboratory NAI. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 16: 15-26). [9] 张阿舟, 李岳锋. 1964. 频率辨. 南京航空学院学报, 7: 151-163 (Chang O C, Li Y F. 1964. On frequencies. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 7: 151-163). [10] 张阿舟, 林佳铿. 1985. 用连续质量有限元素法求解动力系统的固有特性. 固体力学学报, 6: 220-230 (Zhang A Z, Lin J K. 1985. Evaluating the natural frequencies and modal shapes of vibration of dynamic systems by the finite element method with continuous mass elements. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 6: 220-230). [11] 张阿舟, 姚起航. 1989. 振动控制工程. 北京: 航空工业出版社Zhang A Z, Yao Q H. Vibration Control Engineering, Beijing: Aeronautical Industry Press [12] 张阿舟, 叶亚水. 1978. 飞机对称着落冲击响应问题. 南京航空学院学报, 10: 17-31 (Chang O C, Ye Y S. 1978. On the dynamic response of symmetric landing of large transport. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 10: 17-31). [13] 张阿舟, 张克荣. 1986. 振动环境工程. 北京: 航空工业出版社Zhang A Z, Zhang K R. 1986. Vibration Environment Engineering. Beijing: Aeronautical Industry Press [14] 张阿舟, 张令弥. 1983. 振动系统参数识别的若干问题与展望. 南京航空学院学报, 15: 139-153 (Zhang A Z, Zhang L M. 1983. Problems and prospects on the parameter identification of vibration systems. Journal of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute, 15: 139-153). [15] 张阿舟, 朱德懋. 1984. 阻尼系统的振动分析. 航空学报, 5: 321-332 (Zhang A Z, Zhu D M. 1984. Vibration analyses of a damped system. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 5: 321-332). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6893.1984.03.009 [16] 赵淳生. 1981. 结构模态实验与分析. 南京航空学院研究生教材Zhao C S. 1981. The Modal Test and Analysis of Structures. Lecture Notes for Graduated Students of Nanjing Aeronautical Institute [17] 周传荣, 赵淳生. 1989. 机械振动参数识别及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社.Zhou C R, Zhao C S. 1989. Identification of Parameters of Mechanical Vibration and Applications. Beijing: Science Press [18] Chang O C. 1950. Two dimensional theory of stiffened plates. The Aeronautical Quarterly, 2: 1-8. doi: 10.1017/S0001925900000287 [19] Chen Q, Zhu D M. 1990. Vibrational analysis theory and applications to elastic-viscoelastic composite structure. Computers and Structures, 37: 585-595. [20] Hu H Y, Li Y F, Zhang A Z. 1990. Dynamic sub-structuring analysis of composite structures with nonlinear Links. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 3: 168-177.