轻质多孔夹芯结构的弹道侵彻行为研究进展

崔天宁; 秦庆华

doi:10.6052/1000-0992-23-002

轻质多孔夹芯结构的弹道侵彻行为研究进展

doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-002

崔天宁^{1, 2},
秦庆华^1, ,

1.
西安交通大学机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室, 极端环境服役性能与防护技术西安市重点实验室, 西安 710049
2.
中国兵器工业第203研究所, 西安 710065

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (11372235, 11972281), 陕西省自然科学基金 (2020JM-034), 航空科学基金 (201941070001) , 中国工程物理研究院冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室稳定支持项目 (JCKYS2019212008), 爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室 (北京理工大学) 开放课题 (KFJJ22-07M) 等项目资助.

详细信息

作者简介:
秦庆华, 西安交通大学机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室教授、博士生导师, 新加坡国立大学博士后, “王仁青年科技奖”获得者, 主要研究领域: 冲击动力学、轻质多孔材料与结构防护设计、力学超材料等. 现任中国力学学会爆炸力学专委会冲击动力学专业组委员、中国力学学会波纹管及管道力学专业委员会委员、中国超材料学会理事, 《现代应用物理》期刊青年编委、《包装工程》期刊编委, 发表论文100余篇, 国家授权发明专利10余项, 软件著作权6项. 主持国家自然科学基金项目, 参与国家重点研发计划等项目

通讯作者:
秦庆华教授; 研究方向: 冲击动力学、轻质多孔材料与防护结构设计. 电话: 029-82664382; + E-mail: qhqin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: O347
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-01
- 录用日期: 2023-03-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-24
- 刊出日期: 2023-06-25

Ballistic performance of lightweight cellular sandwich structures: A review

CUI Tianning^{1, 2},
QIN Qinghua^{1
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment and Protective Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
No. 203 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Xi’an 710065, China

More Information

Corresponding author: qhqin@mail.xjtu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 多孔夹芯结构是一类由薄而刚硬的面板和多孔材料芯材构成的复合结构, 具有高比刚度、高比强度、缓冲吸能效果优异、可设计性强等特性, 在航空航天、交通运输、结构防护等诸多领域引起了广泛关注, 且已有诸多成功的工程应用案例, 是一类极具潜力的先进轻质高强多功能一体化结构. 为阐明轻质多孔夹芯结构的抗侵彻特性与耗能机理, 进一步拓展轻质多孔夹芯结构的工程应用范围, 对轻质多孔夹芯结构弹道侵彻行为的研究成果进行了系统的综述和展望, 依据轻质多孔夹芯结构的结构特征及类型, 分别评述了不同类型多孔夹芯结构的抗弹道侵彻破坏机制、能量耗散机理及轻量化设计等方面的研究, 展望了未来多孔夹芯结构在抗弹道侵彻研究领域面临的问题和挑战.
- 夹芯结构 /
- 多孔材料 /
- 弹道极限 /
- 侵彻 /
- 能量耗散 /
- 破坏机制 /
- 轻量化
Abstract: The classical cellular sandwich panels composed of two thin, stiff face sheets separated by a novel cellular core are a class of promising advanced lightweight multi-functional structures, possessing high specific stiffness, high specific strength, excellent mitigation and energy absorption, and high designability. Cellular sandwich structures have been paid much attention in many fields, such as the aerospace industry, transportation and structural protection. Moreover, the success cases have been presented in practical engineering applications. In order to clarify the mechanisms of penetration and energy dissipation and extend the application ranges, investigations on ballistic performance of lightweight cellular sandwich structures are reviewed and prospected. Firstly, the structural features and types of lightweight cellular sandwich structures are summarized. Next, mechanisms of penetration and energy dissipation, and lightweight design are reviewed systematically. Finally, the problems and challenges existing in the current research on ballistic performance of lightweight cellular sandwich structures are prospected.
- sandwich structure /
- cellular material /
- ballistic limit /
- penetration /
- energy dissipation /
- damage mechanism /
- lightweight.

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图 1 多孔材料的仿生设计

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图 2 轻质多孔夹芯结构的应用. (a) CYCOM®EP2750复合材料夹芯结构 (图自索尔维公司) , (b) Pendolino高速列车车头(王杰 2013), (c) CH-46E海骑士运输直升机(Jackson et al. 2015), (d) 联盟号载人飞船返回舱座椅(荣伟 2018)和(e) 嫦娥三号探测器着陆支架(荣伟 2018)

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图 3 轻质多孔夹芯结构的典型构型

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图 4 轻质多孔夹芯结构的分类

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图 5 蜂窝夹芯结构的常见芯材构型(方岱宁等 2009). (a)三角形, (b)四边形, (c)六边形, (d)菱形, (e) Kagome型和(f) 正方静不定型

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图 6 波纹夹芯结构的常见芯材构型. (a)三角形(Valdevit et al. 2004), (b)四边形(Valdevit et al. 2004), (c)梯形(Valdevit et al. 2004), (d)圆弧形(Valdevit et al. 2004), (e)正交波纹(Zhu et al. 2021)和(f)双向波纹(Yang et al. 2017)

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图 7 常见点阵材料构型(Wadley 2006)

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图 8 力学超材料创新构型. (a) 平板点阵力学超材料(Berger et al. 2017), (b) TPMS力学超材料(Ketan et al. 2018), (c) 拉胀超材料(Rafsanjani & Pasini 2016), (d) 手性超材料(Zhu et al. 2016)和(e) 多稳态超材料(Shan et al. 2015)

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图 9 多级力学超材料构型. (a)~(c)蜂窝多级超材料(Babak et al. 2013, Qin et al. 2020), (d)波纹多级超材料(Kooistra et al. 2007), (e)点阵多级超材料(Wang et al. 2023), (f)~(g) TPMS多级超材料(Zhang L et al. 2021)和(h)~(i)折纸超材料(Heimbs et al. 2009, Schenk et al. 2014)

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图 10 常见的泡沫材料. (a) 金属泡沫(张红英等 2021), (b) 聚合物泡沫(Nia & Kazemi 2020), (c) 混凝土泡沫(张巍和王浩杰 2020), (d) 玻璃泡沫(冯宗玉等 2008), (e) 陶瓷泡沫(郭秀荣和王雅慧 2012), (f) 金属复合泡沫(Alvandi-Tabrizi et al. 2015), (g) 聚合物复合泡沫(Ahmadi et al. 2020)

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图 11 纤维多孔材料. (a) 金属纤维多孔材料(Cao et al. 2018), (b) 硅纤维多孔材料(Li et al. 2017), (c) 金属橡胶多孔材料(Ren et al. 2021)和(d)~(f)泡沫碳/碳纳米管纤维多孔材料(Bryning et al. 2007, Zhang et al. 2017)

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图 12 常见的混杂轻质多孔夹芯结构. (a) 金属面板-聚合物泡沫混杂夹芯结构(Alavi Nia et al. 2017), (b) 复合面板-金属蜂窝混杂夹芯结构(Ryan et al. 2008), (c) 聚合物泡沫填充蜂窝混杂夹芯结构(Hassanpour Roudbeneh et al. 2018), (d) 陶瓷/聚合物填充点阵混杂夹芯结构(Ni et al. 2013), (e)金属泡沫填充格栅混杂夹芯结构(Yan et al. 2013), (f) 蜂窝填充格栅混杂夹芯结构(Han et al. 2016)和 (g) 泡沫填充点阵混杂夹芯结构(Han et al. 2017)

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图 13 内弹道、外弹道和终点弹道

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图 14 金属蜂窝夹芯结构在 (a~d) 面外(Goldsmith et al., 1997, Khaire et al. 2021, Kolopp et al. 2013, Sun et al. 2018)和 (e) 面内(Qi et al. 2013)侵彻作用下的典型失效模式

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图 15 三角形金属波纹夹芯结构不同弹着点对应的 (a) 失效模式和 (b) 剩余速度曲线(Wadley et al. 2013)

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图 16 铝合金金字塔点阵夹芯板在钢球侵彻作用下的失效模式(Yungwirth et al. 2008a)

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图 17 (a) 压阻效应(杨德庆等 2018), (b)二维内凹型负泊松比夹芯结构的侵彻过程数值模拟(Yang et al. 2013), (c)三维内凹型负泊松比夹芯结构的侵彻过程数值模拟(Imbalzano et al. 2017)以及(d)折纸型夹芯结构的侵彻失效模式(Zhang et al. 2021)

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图 18 金属泡沫夹芯板在侵彻作用下的典型失效模式. (a) 不同面板厚度对夹芯板失效模式的影响(Hou et al. 2010), (b)夹芯板在球形弹侵彻作用下的花瓣型失效模式(郭亚周等 2019), (c)夹芯板前面板在中高速弹体侵彻作用下出现的绝热剪切失效(方志威等 2017), 以及(d)夹芯板后面板分别在锥头和平头弹侵彻作用下出现的花瓣型拉伸失效模式和翻盖型混合失效模式(Cui et al. 2022)

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图 19 具有不同面板厚度配置的金属泡沫夹芯板在锥头弹体侵彻作用下的 (a) 变形失效过程和 (b) 各部件能量吸收变化规律以及平头弹体侵彻作用下的 (c) 变形失效过程和 (d) 各部件能量吸收变化规律(Cui et al. 2022)

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图 20 芯材厚度仅为0.8mm的金属纤维多孔夹芯板(Zhou & Stronge 2008)

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图 21 聚合物泡沫夹芯板在侵彻作用下的典型失效模式. (a) GFRP面板/PVC泡沫夹芯板(Kepler & Hansen 2007), (b) GFRP面板/SAN泡沫夹芯板(Jackson & Shukla 2011), (c) GFRP面板/空心球复合泡沫夹芯板(Paul et al. 2020), 以及(d)GFRP面板/PU泡沫夹芯板(Nasirzadeh & Sabet 2014)

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图 22 具有中等密度聚合物泡沫芯材的夹芯板具有较强的抗弹道侵彻能力(Nasirzadeh & Sabet 2014)

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图 23 轻质混杂格栅多孔夹芯结构在侵彻作用下的典型失效模式. (a) Glare面板/金属蜂窝夹芯板(Hebsur et al. 2003), (b) PU泡沫填充金属蜂窝夹芯板(Hassanpour Roudbeneh et al. 2020), (c) 陶瓷填充金属波纹夹芯板(Wadley et al. 2013), 以及(d)复合材料包覆的陶瓷填充金属波纹夹芯板(O Masta et al. 2015)

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图 24 轻质混杂点阵多孔夹芯结构在侵彻作用下的典型失效模式(Yungwirth et al. 2008a, Yungwirth et al. 2011). (a) 聚合物填充金字塔金属点阵夹芯板, (b)含有凯夫拉纤维层的聚合物填充金字塔金属点阵夹芯板, (c) 陶瓷填充金字塔金属点阵夹芯板, 以及(d)含有金属管的金字塔金属点阵夹芯板

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图 25 陶瓷材料在弹体侵彻过程中的局部裂纹扩展吸能示意图(Yungwirth et al. 2011)

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图 26 平头弹体侵彻蜂窝夹芯结构的三阶段侵彻模型(Hoo Fatt & Park 2000)

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