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Progress in assessing hazards of asteroid impact on earth
DANG Leining, BAI Zhiyong, SHI Yilei, HUANG Jie
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-047
Abstract(424) HTML(206) PDF(78)
Abstract:
Asteroid impact on earth poses a potential threat to humanity. Over the past 20 years, planetary defense has become a hot research area internationally, and it is also a crucial security requirement for our country. Assessing the hazards of asteroid impact on earth is a significant research topic within planetary defense. It is noted that asteroid impacts on earth exhibit characteristics of low probability, high hazard and randomness. These hazards include overpressure, thermal radiation, earthquake, tsunami, and global effects. Hazard assessment is applied in three scenarios: defense decision-making, defense implementation, and ground civil defense. The input and output of hazard assessment, the progress of numerical simulation and engineering computation in hazard assessment in terms of model, method and software, as well as the research status of the five types of hazards, are summarized. Furthermore the advancement of hypervelocity issues of earth impact by asteroid is presented. Finally, the current research limitations are identified, and prospects for future work are provided.
Advances in vibration testing and model updating for nonlinear aerospace structures
WANG Xing
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-011
Abstract(178) HTML(17) PDF(105)
Abstract:
For lighter, stronger and more flexible aerospace structures, the nonlinear phenomena observed during ground vibration tests and in-service operations are first sorted out. Two types of typical nonlinear structures-localised and distributed nonlinear structures—are then highlighted, the basic concepts of which are explained. Secondly, the vibration testing techniques developed for these nonlinear structures are compared, and the research progress is summarised from the perspective of frequency response test, pure modal test, free decay test and others. Finally, model updating procedures of the two types of nonlinear structures are analysed, with identification methods discussed. Future perspectives are pointed out and research suggestions are also highlighted. It is expected to provide a useful reference for the future development of vibration testing techniques and accurate modelling methods of nonlinear aerospace structures.
The multiscale digital core of shale and its application
JI Lili, LIN Mian, JIANG Wenbin, CAO Gaohui
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-006
Abstract(99) HTML(23) PDF(13)
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Reconstructing digital core that can fully characterize the multiscale pore (fracture) and matrix structure of the rock is one of the most advancing front issue in the field of unconventional oil and gas research, and is also an important foundation for shale oil and gas exploration and development. This article comprehensively analyzes the research progress in characterizing organic pore clusters, multiscale pore (fracture) structures, and representative element volumes (REV) of shale. Based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of marine shale in the Sichuan Basin, a new method for fully characterizing its multiscsal pore (fracture) structure has been proposed. On this basis, the digital cores are applied to the impact of multiscale pore (fracture) structures on acoustic properties and the gas content evaluation, and provides new technical methods for shale reservoir evaluation and sweet spots prediction.
Development and application of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology
LIU Zongxing, ZHANG Chunyang, CAO Miao, CHEN Feiying, LIU Jun, LI Yulong
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-010
Abstract(125) HTML(51) PDF(32)
Abstract:
Electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology is an important means to achieve high strain rate tensile loading, capable of achieving strain rates on the order of 104 s−1 for one-dimensional tensile loading. Electromagnetic Lorentz forces are uniformly applied to the expansion ring specimens as a body force, and the dynamic loading process does not involve stress wave propagation effects. Moreover, the characteristic structure of the ring specimens avoids the end grip effects seen with traditional dog-bone-shaped specimens. Therefore, electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology is widely used in the study of the tensile mechanical behavior of materials at high strain rates. This paper first introduces the basic principles of dynamic loading expansion ring test technology, then discusses the disadvantages of explosion-driven expansion ring test technology and the advantages of electromagnetic-driven expansion ring test technology, and reviews the development history of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology. It then summarizes the cutting-edge research progress of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology in the dynamic mechanical properties of materials, dynamic fracture behavior, dynamic ductile behavior, and high-temperature adiabatic properties. Finally, it discusses the development prospects and directions of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology in the field of solid mechanics. This provides a relatively systematic reference for researchers engaged in the experimental technology field of dynamic mechanical behavior of materials and offers a comprehensive and systematic knowledge of the field for young researchers interested in electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology.
Programmable multi-physical mechanics of mechanical metamaterials
Sinha P, Mukhopadhyay T
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-012
Abstract(297) HTML(48) PDF(113)
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Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical behavior that originates from artificially programmed microstructures along with intrinsic material properties. With tremendous advancement in computational and manufacturing capabilities to realize complex microstructures over the last decade, the field of mechanical metamaterials has been attracting wide attention due to immense possibilities of achieving unprecedented multi-physical properties which are not attainable in naturally-occurring materials. One of the rapidly emerging trends in this field is to couple the mechanics of material behavior and the unit cell architecture with different other multi-physical aspects such as electrical or magnetic fields, and stimuli like temperature, light or chemical reactions to expand the scope of actively programming on-demand mechanical responses. In this article, we aim to abridge outcomes of the relevant literature concerning mechanical and multi-physical property modulation of metamaterials focusing on the emerging trend of bi-level design, and subsequently highlight the broad-spectrum potential of mechanical metamaterials in their critical engineering applications. The evolving trends, challenges and future roadmaps have been critically analyzed here involving the notions of real-time reconfigurability and functionality programming, 4D printing, nano-scale metamaterials, artificial intelligence and machine learning, multi-physical origami/kirigami, living matter, soft and conformal metamaterials, manufacturing complex microstructures, service-life effects and scalability.
Modeling of joint structure interface friction mechanics: A review
SHEN Minmin, YANG Xiaodong
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-008
Abstract(500) HTML(163) PDF(182)
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Joints, as fundamental components of industrial machinery, are pivotal for extensive research and optimization in the realm of equipment manufacturing. Currently, due to the nonlinearity, complexity, and uncertainty of joint interfaces, the behavior mechanism of cross-scale and multi-physical field complex mechanics is unclear, making it difficult to accurately predict the dynamic characteristics of joint structures and monitor their dynamic service performance. This has become a bottleneck that restricts the breakthrough in precision structural dynamics analysis, high-fidelity simulation, design, optimization, and control. However, joint structures are widely used, and engineering and technical personnel have further demand for the mechanism and multifunctionality of joint structures. This article mainly reviews the analytical modeling, finite element modeling, and experimental systems of joint structure interface friction mechanics, and proposes the development trend of new joint structure design. Firstly, based on the requirements of the joint's working environment, engineering problems, and the lack of effective strength and stiffness prediction theory, this paper reviews the load types of bolted connection structures and the application of precise joint equivalent models. Secondly, several mainstream theoretical models of friction joint structures were summarized, including a constitutive model that analyzes the multi-scale physical behavior and laws of the joint interface at the micro/nano scale, a phenomenological model that derives macroscopic dynamic responses using system identification theory and methods, and a phenomenological constitutive friction model that integrates the microscopic contact mechanism of the constitutive model with the macroscopic perspective of system identification. Then, reviewing the simulation method based on the finite element and experimental methods of joint structures, which include direct finite element modeling, indirect equivalent finite element modeling, experimental benchmark systems, and anisotropic excitation joint structure experimental platforms. Finally, a new joint design concept addressing the multifunctional requirements of joint structures in the equipment field is proposed. This concept involves “transmitting static and suppressing dynamic” joint components as well as lightweight biomimetic joint components.
AI for PDEs in solid mechanics: A review
WANG Yizheng, ZHUANG Xiaoying, TIMON Rabczuk, LIU Yinghua
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-016
Abstract(1434) HTML(190) PDF(919)
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In recent years, deep learning has become ubiquitous and is empowering various fields. In particular, the combination of artificial intelligence and traditional science (AI for science, AI4Science) has attracted widespread attention. In the field of AI4Science, the use of artificial intelligence algorithms to solve partial differential equations (AI4PDEs) has become the focus of computational mechanics research. The core of AI4PDEs is to fuse data with equations and can solve almost any PDEs. Due to the advantages of AI4PDEs in data fusion, computational efficiency using AI4PDEs is usually increased by tens of thousands of times compared to traditional algorithms. Therefore, this article comprehensively reviews the research on AI4PDEs, summarizes the existing AI4PDEs algorithms and theories, discusses its application in solid mechanics, including forward and inverse problems, and outlines future research directions, especially the foundation model of computational mechanics. Existing algorithms of AI4PDEs include physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), deep energy methods (DEM), operator learning, and (physics-informed neural operator, PINO). AI4PDEs has numerous applications in scientific computing, and this paper focuses on application of AI4PDEs in the forward and inverse problems of solid mechanics. The forward problems include linear elasticity, elasto-plasticity, hyperelasticity, and fracture mechanics; while the inverse problems encompass the identification of material parameters, constitutive laws, defect recognition, and topology optimization. AI4PDEs represents a novel method of scientific simulation, which offers approximate solutions for specific problems by leveraging large datasets and then fine-tunes according to the specific physical equations, avoiding the need to start calculations from scratch as traditional algorithms do. Thus, AI4PDEs is a prototype for the foundation model of computational mechanics in the future, capable of significantly accelerating traditional numerical methods. We believe that utilizing artificial intelligence to empower scientific computing is not only a vital direction for the future of computation but also a dawn of humanity in scientific research, laying the foundation for mankind to reach new heights in scientific development.
Research progress of biomimetic design and preparation of functional surfaces for droplet transport
LIU Ming, CHEN Shaohua
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-015
Abstract(226) HTML(78) PDF(55)
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Functional surfaces for droplet transport has important applications in green energy, medical technology, new materials and other fields, such as fog collection, drug targeted therapy, etc. The surfaces of natural creatures with specific functions of directional transport and fixed-point transfer of droplets provide excellent examples for design and preparation of functional surfaces for droplet transport, a large number of novel and flexible bionic research achievements have been arisen. Firstly, the typical surfaces of natural creatures with self-driven functions of droplet transport are summarized and the basic theories of wettability on solid surface are elaborated; then, the biomimetic research progress of functional surfaces for droplet transport based on different self-driven mechanism is reviewed, the mechanism and influencing factors of droplet transport on different functional surfaces are compared and analyzed; furthermore, the current research of the functional surface for directional transport or fixed-point transfer of droplet under the action of external field such as magnetic field, electric field, temperature field and etc. are elaborated and analyzed; finally, the applications and future directions of such biomimetic functional surfaces are summarized and prospected.
Wavelet-based numerical methods and their applications in computational mechanics
YANG Bing, WANG Jizeng, LIU Xiaojing, ZHOU Youhe, FENG Yonggu
 doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-24-009
Abstract(367) HTML(74) PDF(152)
Abstract:
Mechanics research advances towards interdisciplinary research, cross-scale correlations, and extreme environmental impacts. Strong nonlinearity, strong discontinuity, significant multi-physics coupling, multiscale, and complex geometries have become common characteristics in solving various mechanics problems quantitatively. Long-term quantitative research indicates that one of the core ingredients for solving such problems effectively lies in constructing numerical methods that can accurately identify, locate, capture, and separate different scale characteristics especially small-scale local characteristics, under multiscale and nonlinearity circumstances. These numerical methods should also possess the capacity to isolate and decouple the large-scale lower-order approximation from the small-scale higher-order truncation error effectively. The intrinsic multiresolution analysis and time-frequency localization characteristics of wavelet theory, as well as the various selectivity of basis functions, align precisely with the demands of this mathematical feature. Therefore, they can provide fundamental theory and diverse approaches for developing efficient quantitative methods to address various complex mechanics problems. Based on this fact, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion of wavelet theory, focusing on the theoretical framework of biorthogonal multi-resolution analysis and the construction method of frequently used wavelet bases. Furthermore, wavelet approximation of the function defined on a finite domain is presented in detail. The fundamental principles, development, merits, and shortcomings of different wavelet-based numerical methods are systematically elucidated. Several novel wavelet-based methods with outstanding performance developed recently are elaborated especially, and their applications in solving typical mechanics problems are reviewed. Meanwhile, the present paper also points out challenges encountered by the existing wavelet-based numerical methods when addressing complex and strongly nonlinear mechanics problems. This may provide valuable references for the development of wavelet-based numerical methods and their applications in complex mechanics and engineering problems, and introduce new perspectives and methods for solving these problems efficiently, accurately, and universally.
Review
Research on structure topology optimization design empowered by deep learning method
CHEN Xiaoqian, ZHANG Zeyu, LI Yu, YAO Wen, ZHOU Weien
2024, 54(2): 213-258.   doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-052
Abstract(1789) HTML(487) PDF(685)
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This article comprehensively discusses the relevant research progress in the field of structural topology optimization and the cross-integration development of deep learning technology in recent years. Focusing on the core methods and key modules of structural topology optimization design, two major types of empowerment methods are systematically sorted out from the perspective of deep learning empowerment. The study points out that the global surrogate model construction method for structural optimization design based on deep learning technology, as a direct mapping structural design method, has been widely studied because of its simple and typical design ideas. However, the global surrogate model has limitations in computation and generalization. The limitations and deficiencies in performance are also particularly obvious. The structural optimization design method with local sub-link acceleration and replacement integrated with deep learning technology is a more flexible and diverse form of local empowerment, with good universality and unique advantages. The article looks forward to the future development of intelligently empowered structural optimization. Further research work would focus on the organic combination of deep learning and structural design, as well as the co-driven design paradigm of data and knowledge.
The progress in nuclear biomechanics
LIU Zhongqian, QI Yingxin
2024, 54(2): 259-307.   doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-053
Abstract(803) HTML(213) PDF(219)
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The nucleus, which plays crucial roles in regulating life activities, is the largest and stiffest organelle in the cell and serves as the center of genetic information storage, replication, and transcription. Biomechanical factors have been shown to be of paramount importance in regulating dynamic changes of nuclear structures and functions. As typical mechanical responsive elements of the nucleus, nucleoskeletal proteins and nuclear pore complexes maintain the morphology and structure of the nucleus, and transmit mechanical forces from the cytoskeleton to chromatin. These factors affect a range of nuclear-related processes, including chromatin conformation and gene expression, and ultimately regulate cellular functions. The sensation and transduction of mechanical signals via nuclear components are one of the emerging cutting edges in biomechanics. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanical properties of the nucleus in physiological and pathological states, and to elucidate its roles and mechanisms in cell fate determination, this review summarizes the research progresses related to nuclear biomechanics, focusing on the physical structures of nucleoskeleton, nuclear pore complex, and chromatin, the processes of mechanical responses, the interactions among these nuclear components, and the technological advances in nuclear biomechanics. Finally, the relationship between nucleus and the progeria, neurodegeneration or cardiovascular diseases and the future advancements of nuclear biomechanics are prospected.
Research progress of fatigue crack propagation method based on finite element technology
SU Yukun, MA Tao, ZHAO Xiaoxin, ZHANG Guangliang, ZHU Jialei, ZHANG Peng
2024, 54(2): 308-343.   doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-049
Abstract(1127) HTML(254) PDF(443)
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Fatigue cracks are one of the important factors causing fracture and failure of engineering structures. At present, the commercial software for fatigue crack propagation finite element simulation includes ANSYS, ABAQUS, FRANC3D, ZENCRACK, etc., which provide strong support for the study of fatigue crack propagation process. The current finite element simulation methods for fatigue crack propagation are reviewed in this paper. The definition of fatigue crack and the necessity of studying fatigue crack propagation behavior are clarified. Three finite element methods for simulating fatigue crack propagation are introduced: Extended Finite Element Method(XFEM), Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT). The basic theories and core ideas of the three methods were summarized, and the application as well as development of the three methods were classified and summarized. Finally, the three finite element methods are analyzed, the advantages and limitations of each method are pointed out, and suggestions are given for the future improvement of the finite element simulation technology for fatigue crack propagation.
Review on dynamics and control of space structure in the process of on-orbit assembly
WU Zhigang, JIANG Jianping, WU Shunan, LI Qingjun, WANG Xing, TAN Shujun, DENG Zichen
2024, 54(2): 344-390.   doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-041
Abstract(1879) HTML(218) PDF(479)
Abstract:
On-orbit assembly is a crucial means to construct large and ultra-large space structures such as space stations, large satellite antennas, large-aperture space telescopes, and space solar power stations. However, complicated dynamics and control problems, such as the configuration increasement, parameter variations, orbit-attitude-structure coupled effects, and contact problems, will be encountered during the process of on-orbit assembly and bring challenges to accomplishing the assembly task accurately, efficiently, and safely. The development status of dynamic modelling methods of large space structures, special dynamic phenomena of ultra-large space structures, and dynamic modelling studies of space structures during on-orbit assembly process were reviewed. Then, the control methods of the on-orbit operation stage, the assembly sequence planning methods, and the control methods for the on-orbit assembly process were introduced. In addition, the key techniques of gravity unloading, scale model design and testing, nonlinearity and uncertainty quantification techniques with ground tests in the assembly process were summarized. Finally, to address the increasing configuration and discontinuously varying parameters of the ultra-large space structures during on-orbit assembly process, a few suggestions were put forward to deal with the dynamic and control problems.
Research progress of process and structures optimization for 3D printed continuous fiber-reinforced polymers
YE Hongling, DONG Yongjia, MAO Pengqi, XIAO Yang, XIE Jialin
2024, 54(2): 391-425.   doi: 10.6052/1000-0992-23-048
Abstract(1085) HTML(237) PDF(273)
Abstract:
Continuous fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) has been broadly applied in the aerospace engineering due to its excellent specific strength, specific stiffness, designability and lightweight feature. The development of 3D printing has changed the manufacturing process of CFRP structures, which makes the free form of complex structures possible and provides more design space for advanced structural materials. In order to give full play to the performance advantages of CFRP and the flexibility of 3D printing process, and achieve innovative structural design and performance improvement, researchers explored the solutions of design and manufacturing integration for 3D printing CFRP from the aspects of material performance and structural design, respectively. In this paper, the development of properties analysis, process improvement and structure optimization of CFRP is reviewed systematically. Various multi-scale optimization methods of CFRP are summarized and illustrated, the development trend of real-time, functional and intelligent structural design method of advanced materials in the future is discussed and prospected.
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