Abstract: Inspired by the interesting story of "three monks have no water to drink", this paper analyzes the structural mechanics problem hidden in the story. To be fair, it is assumed that each of the three monks should bear an equal load. Here, the idea of modifying the main parts of the structure system is adopted to obtain the new structure scheme, then according to the analysis results of each modified structure scheme. It discusses the theoretical measures which is needed to achieve the fairness of three monks' carrying water and drinking.