Abstract: Pyrolysis of JP-10 hydrocarbon fuel was studied in a single-pulse shock tube over temperature range from 1150 K to 1300 K. The main decomposition products were identified by gas chromatography as ethylene, acetylene, propylene, n-butene, 1,3-butadiene, cyclopentadiene, cyclopentene, benzene, toluene, and a small amount of methane, ethane, xylene and 1-methylcyclopentene. By summation of all product concentrations in each run, the rate coefficient of JP-10 pyrolysis was experimentally determined. Comparative rate measurements were used to eliminate the effects of shock's non-ideality and boundary layer. A small amount of the internal standard compound, whose rate expression for decomposition is well established, was added in the test gas mixtures, and the reaction temperatures were determined according to the decomposition extents of the internal standard compound under the same experimental conditions in a shock tube. The reaction temperatures determined from the decomposition extents of the internal standard compound are usually less than those at the region 5 behind reflected shock calculated by shock velocity measurements. The temperatures determined by two methods are consistent between 1150 K and 1300 K, the difference is within 20 K, and the difference increases with the temperature increase. Based on the experimental study, kinetic modeling of JP-10 pyrolysis was carried out according to San Diego Mechanism. The yields of three main products, ethylene, acetylene and 1,3-butadiene, have a good agreement between the experimental and the simulation results,while the experimental results of cyclopentene yield are much higher than simulation,indicating that both fully and partially ring-opening reactions in JP-10 pyrolysis are important decomposition reaction pathways.