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中文核心期刊

沙丘背风侧不同铁路结构形式对风沙环境的适应性分析

ANALYSIS OF WIND-SAND MOVEMENT OVER SAND DUNE WITH DIFFERENT RAILWAY FORMS DOWNSTREAM

  • 摘要: 当铁路穿越大风沙漠地区时,风沙灾害会对铁路工程及其正常运营产生严重威胁,而设计一种合理的铁路结构形式能够减小风沙沉积对铁路工程的危害. 在本文中,以敦煌至格尔木铁路沙山沟段落为研究对象,采用多相流的方法对越过沙丘的风沙运动过程进行数值模拟,分别讨论了风沙运动对位于沙丘背风坡的铁路路基工程和桥梁工程的影响. 主要的模拟结果显示:路基工程明显降低了风速并且将沙丘后的回流区分成了两部分,而桥梁工程的导流效应则压缩了沙丘背风坡的回流区;轨道间的道碴增大了铁路表面的粗糙度,在轨道间有少量沙粒沉积,而路基工程两侧则有大量积沙;铁路表面的积沙量与摩阻风速呈现出非线性关系,随着摩阻风速的增大,路基工程沙粒沉积的增加速度大于风蚀能力的增加速度,而桥梁工程则正好相反. 在防止风沙危害铁路方面,设置桥梁工程明显优于路基工程. 本研究为风沙运动对铁路工程的影响提供了理论支持,也为今后的铁路工程设计提供了新的思路与研究工具.

     

    Abstract: When the railway goes through the windy desert area, the sand hazard endangers the railway engineering and normal operation of trains, and a suitable railway form design will reduce the hazard of accumulation of sand particles on railway. In this paper, taking Shashangou area of Dunhuang to Golmud railway as the research object, the multiphase flow method is used to simulate the wind sand movement over a sand dune with a railway in the reverse region, and the influence of wind sand movement on the railway subgrade engineering and bridge engineering located on the leeward slope of sand dunes is studied respectively. The main results of this work show that: The subgrade project significantly reduces the wind speed and divides the reverse area behind the sand dune into two parts, and the diversion effect of the bridge project compresses the reverse area of the leeward slope of the dune; the ballast between the tracks increases the aerodynamic roughness of the railway surface, and there is a small amount of sand deposition between tracks and a huge sand accumulations in both side of the subgrade; the complex interaction between wind field and sand particles makes the accumulated mass profiles of sand particles present non-linear relationship, the wind sweep ability for sand particles on the surface of railway grows faster than the sand accumulation ability with the increasing friction velocity in the bridge case, and this phenomenon is opposite in the subgrade case. According to the conclusion, it can be seen that the bridge engineering is better than the subgrade engineering in preventing the railway from being damaged by wind sand movement. This work offers a theoretical support for the influence of wind sand movement on railway engineering, and provides a new research thought and tool for the railway engineering design in the future.

     

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