基于组合超表面的跨水空声波调控研究
INVESTIGATION ON MODULATION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES THROUGH WATER-AIR INTERFACE BY COMBINED METASURFACES
-
摘要: 现有声学超表面的研究多是针对空气或水等单一介质, 有关跨介质声波调控的研究相对较少. 文章主要基于组合超表面研究跨水空界面声波的调控特性. 首先, 利用遗传算法设计了可以调控波前的高透射空气声超表面. 接着, 通过复合离散型跨水空高透射超表面设计组合超表面实现了对跨水空界面声波的波前调控, 并讨论了组合超表面间距对波控性能的影响. 最后加工制作组合超表面试样, 并对跨水空声波聚焦功能进行了实验验证. 结果表明通过复合两种独立设计的超表面可以实现跨水空界面声波的异常折射和聚焦功能. 组合超表面的间距会影响其对声波的调控效果. 当间距较小时, 组合超表面虽然可以实现对跨水空界面声波的调控, 但是调控效果较差; 随着间距的增加, 组合超表面对跨水空声波的调控效果会迅速增强并趋于稳定. 在实验中观察到了跨水空界面的声聚焦现象以及组合超表面间距对跨水空界面声波聚焦效果的影响, 实验结果与仿真结果基本一致. 研究工作为跨水空声学器件的设计提供了一定的数值和实验基础.Abstract: Acoustic metasurfaces are a kind of artificial structure with carefully designed microstructures and spatial order. They can exhibit exotic wave behaviors beyond the nature. So they are attracting more and more attentions by researchers from different disciplinary fields. However, most existing studies on metasurfaces focus on single medium such as air or water. Sound manipulation through trans media is rarely investigated. In this paper, we focus the modulation of sound waves through water-air interface by using the combined metasurfaces. Firstly, genetic algorithm is used to design airbone metasurface with high transmission and wavefront control capability. Then, the combined metasurfaces are designed by integrating a discrete metasurface with unitary amplitude through water-air interface to achieve the wavefront manipulation of acoustic waves with high transmission. The impact of the coupling spacing between combined metasurfaces on wave manipulation is also discussed. Finally, samples of the combined metasurfaces are fabricated, and experimental measurement of the acoustic focusing is conducted. The results indicate that abnormal transmission and focusing of acoustic waves through water-air interface can be realized by combining the two independently designed metasurfaces. Coupling spacing of the combined metasurfaces significantly affects the sound modulation through water-air interafce. When the coupling spacing is small, although the combined metasurface can realize the manipulation of the acoustic waves through water-air interface, the manipulation performance is relatively poor. With the increase of the coupling spacing, the manipulation performance of the combined metasurface on the trans interface improves rapidly and then becomes stable. The acoustic focusing of sound across water-air interface is observed by employing the combined metsaurfaces in the experiment. And the influence of the coupling spacing on acoustic focusing is also obtained. Experimental results are generally in good agreements with the simulations. This research provides numerical and experimental foundations for the design of novel acoustic devices through water-air interface.